Informatica

Nowadays, it is agreed that fuzzy sets are suitable for capturing and representing the concept of vagueness and uncertainty, and various fuzzy reasoning systems are being developed based on them. Researchers have proposed fuzzy set extensions to improve the performance and accuracy of these systems. The research questions arise regarding how fuzzy sets have evolved and what the main trends in their evolution are. To address these questions, our research presents a chronological and bibliometric analysis of fuzzy sets based on papers extracted from the Web of Science database. The main findings and contributions have been identified, systematized and visualized in a fuzzy set keyword map of 65 fuzzy set extensions. These extensions are primarily used for decision-making, reasoning, and prediction, particularly in the context of digital transformation, by integrating digital technologies into all areas of business, transforming operations and enhancing value delivery to customers. As organisations increasingly adopt digital technologies, the need for robust frameworks to manage uncertainty becomes critical. The main trends indicating the directions of fuzzy sets development, an overview of the variety and popularity of fuzzy sets over the years, and the impact of countries engaged in fuzzy set research are also identified and reported. The results support researchers and practitioners working on fuzzy sets and their applications by providing valuable insights into the fuzzy set topic, its existing extensions, and, more generally, to any field of investigation where fuzzy sets are relevant, particularly in the realm of digital transformation.

When handling engineering problems associated with optimal alternative selection a researcher often deals with not sufficiently accurate data. The alternatives are usually assessed by applying several different criteria. A method takes advantage of the relationship between fuzzy sets and matrix game theories can be offered for multicriteria decision-making. Practical investigations have already been discussed for selecting the variants water supply systems.

Fuzzy sets can be used in many old-fashioned aspects of our lives in order to reach better performance and make fairer judgments. Evaluation through examination is typically conducted by educational centers, and multiple choice question (MCQ) exams are widely applied to score the examinees. Since scoring is potentially a difficult process to judge, we propose to evaluate examinees by fuzzy evaluation method. This method can overcome the main shortcoming of the classical MCQs, i.e. the random selection of the choices. The evaluation of the proposed fuzzy MCQ is more accurate and its ranking of examinees is fairer than classical MCQ.

In this paper, a new multi-criteria decision-making procedure is presented, which captures preferential information in the form of the threshold model. It is based on the ELECTRE-like sorting analysis restricted by the localization principle, which enables high adaptability of the decision model and reduces the cognitive load imposed on the decision-makers. It lays the foundation for the introduction of three concepts that have been previously insufficiently supported by outranking methods – semiautomatic derivation of criteria weights according to the selective effects of discordance and veto thresholds, convergent group consensus seeking, and autonomous multi-agent negotiation. The interdependent principles are justified, and the methodological solutions underlying their implementation are provided.